In the world of healthcare architecture, a relatively new approach is gaining ground, aiming to enhance the experience of both patients and healthcare professionals: Evidence-Based Design (EBD). Through the use of this process, the goal is not only to create aesthetically pleasing spaces but also environments that maximize efficiency, safety, and well-being for those entering these healthcare centers.

But where does it come from, how can this process be integrated into healthcare facility designs, and what are its scopes? Below are some answers.

What is Evidence-Based Design, and How is it Applied in Healthcare Architecture?

According to the American Institute of Architecture (AIA)[1], the term “EBD” refers to the process of basing decisions about the built environment on reliable research to achieve the best possible outcomes. Its use enables the analysis of different architectural configurations in healthcare settings to assess how the layout of spaces can impact patient recovery and reduce medical errors, among other considerations.

Origin

This relatively new approach in design emerged in the year 2000, drawing inspiration from three preceding factors: the evidence-based medicine movement, a focus on patient-centered care, and the publication of a scientific study linking a design strategy (such as windows in hospital rooms) to the patient recovery process[2].

Impact on Patient Experience

One of the most noteworthy aspects of EBD is its ability to transform the patient experience. Research, including studies by Roger Ulrich[3] [4], indicates that exposure to natural light, careful color selection, and room arrangement can positively influence patient recovery. Incorporating relaxation areas and therapeutic gardens has also proven to reduce stress and anxiety, contributing to a more comfortable and pleasant hospital stay.

Efficient Process

Evidence-Based Design for healthcare spaces also focuses on improving operational efficiency and safety. Strategically placing nursing stations, treatment rooms, and medical equipment can reduce response times and minimize the risks of medical errors. The implementation of innovative technologies, such as advanced monitoring systems and ergonomic surgical room designs, contributes to safer and more effective environments[5].

Staff Well-being

In addition to considering patients and their families, the use of EBD presents itself as a valuable tool that influences not only the experience and performance of individuals occupying these spaces but also has tangible effects on overall organizational outcomes. The goal is to develop work environments that are not only visually appealing but also serve a purpose, while not neglecting the mental and emotional health of healthcare staff. Based on this premise, work areas, some collaborative, are strategically designed, rest spaces are appropriately addressed, and efficient facility layouts are planned to avoid unnecessary movements or overcrowding that may hinder daily operations, among other considerations.

Challenges of Using EBD in Healthcare Architecture

Despite its numerous benefits, the path to widespread adoption of EBD presents challenges. The initial investment in evidence-based infrastructures can be significant, and resistance to change in the industry may slow adoption. However, as more studies support the effectiveness of this approach, it is likely that this trend will continue to grow[6].

In conclusion, Evidence-Based Design in healthcare architecture represents not only an aesthetic change but a fundamental transformation in how we conceive and construct healthcare environments. By focusing on scientific evidence, this approach promises a revolution in the quality of care, improving the lives of both patients and healthcare professionals alike.

Additionally, although research in this field may yield complex and sometimes contradictory findings, it encourages the continuous testing of new ideas. The diversity of information sources provides a solid foundation for informed decision-making, spanning from psychology to economics.

Conclusion

In light of all the above, it could be said that the Evidence-Based Design (EBD) process is a rising trend with the potential to produce a very significant (and positive) change within the healthcare realm, considerably improving the experiences of both patients and professionals.

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References

[1] American Institute of Architects – https://www.aiainternational.org/

[2] Cambra-Rufino, L., Paniagua-Caparrós, J. L., & Bedoya-Frutos, C. (2020). La acreditación y certificación del diseño basado en evidencias para la arquitectura sanitaria llega a España. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 93, e201910091.

[3] Ulrich, R. S. (1984). View through a window may influence recovery from surgery. Science, 224(4647), 420-421.

[4] Ulrich, R. S. (2006). Essay: Evidence-based health-care architecture. The Lancet, 368, S38-S39.

[5] Alfonsi, E., Capolongo, S., & Buffoli, M. (2014). Evidence based design and healthcare: an unconventional approach to hospital design. Ann Ig, 26(2), 137-43.

[6] Hamilton, D. K. (2003). The four levels of evidence-based practice. Healthcare Design, 3(4), 18-26.